ABSTRACT
Background: One in hventy ofpeople qffected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have been children and adolescents. A unique complication in this age group is the Multi-inflammatory syndrome associated Il'ith COVID-19 (MS-C). We report a single-center case series ofchildren diagnosed with MS-Cfrom Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Case descriptions This case series describes the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes offour male patients presenting at a mean age of3 years and 11 months. Allfulfilled the World Health Organization case definition criteria for the Multi-inflammatomy syndrome associated 'Vith COVID-19. All "'ere not eligible for vaccinations against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) at the time oftheir diagnosis. They were treated with varying combinations of intravenous immunoglobulin, aspirin, and corticosteroids, and all recovered upon completion oftheirfollow-up period. Conclusion: Cases of Multi-inflammatomy syndrome associated with COVID-19 are often misdiagnosed. This case series highlights when to consider such a diagnosis and its therapeutic options
Subject(s)
Humans , Immunoglobulins , Aspirin , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Background: Non-steroidal Anti- inflammatory Drugs (NSAID); are among the most widely used and misused of all drugs. Though they provide symptomatic relief from pain and swelling in chronic joint diseases; they may cause renal impairment; especially in combination with other nephrotoxic agents.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prescription pattern of NSAID in the Out-patient Pharmacy Department of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH); Nigeria.Design: A total of 3800 prescriptions containing NSAIDs were analyzed for information on drug name; the number of NSAIDs per prescription; the presence of ACE inhibitors and diuretics alongside NSAIDs and NSAIDs prescribed in generic or brand names. Results: The results showed that Aspirin was the most frequently prescribed NSAID (62.2) and 68.4 of the NSAIDs prescriptions studied were written in generic names. The total number of drugs per prescription was in most cases 3 or greater (84.6). There were statistically significant (p ? 0.05) associations between the individual NSAID prescribed and whether they were prescribed in generics or brand names; individual NSAID prescribed and the frequency of co-prescription with an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic; types of NSAID prescribed and the cost in Naira. Conclusion: Though most of the prescribers complied with WHO standard in their prescriptions vis a vis generic prescription; avoidance of polypharmacy and avoidance of drug interactions and contraindications; there is obvious need for interventional measures or strategies to improve rational prescribing for some of the prescribers tailored towards rational prescription and use of drugs
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Aspirin , Hospitals , Outpatients , TeachingABSTRACT
Objectif.Evaluer l'efficacité de l'aspirine junior®et du calcium dans la prévention de la pré-éclampsie (PE) chez les femmes gestantes de Kinshasa. Matériel et méthodes.Cette étude multicentrique et interventionnelle à double aveugle a porté sur 600 primigestes Congolaises d'âge gestationnel compris entre 8 et 19 semaines d'aménorrhées (SA). Elles ont été réparties en trois groupes de 200 gestantes chacun. Les gestantes du groupe 1 ont reçu 100 mg/j d'aspirine junior®, celles du groupe 2;1 g de calcium/j, et les gestantes du groupe 3, un placebo jusqu'à 35 SA. Au terme de leur grossesse, la fréquence de la pré-éclampsie a été déterminée.Résultats. La fréquence de la pré-éclampsie dans cette population étudiée était de 12,5%. Dans le groupe sous aspirine junior®, la PE a été retrouvée chez 13 primigestes (6,6%), 10 primigestes (5%) dans le groupe à calcium, et 25 (12,5%)dans le groupe contrôle. Une différence significative a été notée entre les groupes sous aspirine (p=0,007), de même que celui recevant du calcium (p =0,005), avec le groupe contrôle. L'écart n'était cependant pas significatif entre les deux groupes sous traitement. (p =0,07).Conclusion. L'aspirine junior®ou le calcium administrés aux primigestes réduisent le risque de développer la pré-éclampsie, atténuant ainsi les complications obstétrico-gynécologiques et la mortalité maternelle
Subject(s)
Aspirin , Calcium , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Pre-Eclampsia , Pregnant WomenABSTRACT
Background: Dialium guineense is a medicinal plant used by some communities of Enugu-Ezike in Enugu State; Nigeria for treatment of fever; headache and other diverse ailments. Objectives: The present study evaluated the analgesic activity of the methanolic stem bark extract of the plant. Method: Acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction or writhing; tail immersion and hot plate analgesic models in albino Wistar mice were used for the study. Three test doses (250; 500; 1000 mg/kg body weight) of the extract were administered orally by gastric gavage. The activity was compared with a standard reference drug; acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) (400 mg/kg) and negative control. The results were analysed by SPSS version 17 using ANOVA and Post Hoc Duncan. Result: In the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex model; D. guineense extract and the reference drug significantly (P =0.014 - 0.002) decreased the mean total number of abdominal constriction in the mice in a dose dependent fashion. The percentage inhibition of the abdominal constriction reflex was increased dose dependently from 0in the negative control group to 71at the highest dose of the extract (1000mg/kg). In the tail immersion model the extract at the dose of 1000 mg/kg significantly (P = 0. 048) increased the pain reaction time (PRT) while in hot plate model the extract and drug also significantly (P = 0.048 - 0.05) increased the mean PRT at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The dose of 250 mg/kg showed no analgesic activity in tail immersion and hot plate models. Conclusion: Dialium guineense demonstrated significant analgesic activity that may be mediated through peripheral pain mechanism
Subject(s)
Analgesics , Aspirin , Fever/therapy , Headache/therapy , Nigeria , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Les resultats de deux meta-analyses ont suggere qu'au cours de la grossesse; une faible dose quotidienne d'aspirine reduit l'incidence de la pre-eclampsie chez les femmes a risque; et reduit la mortalite des enfants a naitre des meres a risque eleve. Le texte ci-dessous est repris in extenso de la revue Prescrire
Subject(s)
Aspirin , Incidence , Pre-Eclampsia , Pregnant Women , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE - Slugging is a pre-compression technique for the dry granulation of hydrolysable drugs (e.g. aspirin). The study was carried out to relate the slugging load to the hardness of the granules and the brittle fracture tendency of the final (recompressed) tablets. METHOD - Varying compression load were applied to aspirin powder to form slugs; which were subsequently broken down to form granules. These were recompressed to give the final tablets. The hardness of the slugs was determined and taken as measure of the hardness of the resulting granules. The following tableting parameters were measured for the final tablets - tensile strength (T); packing fraction (P[f]) and the brittle fracture index (BFI). RESULTS - A high slugging load was associated with the formation of hard slugs and hence hard granules. Upon recompression the hardest granules formed the hardest tablets (T = 3.29MN m**-2) while the softest granules formed the softest tablets (T=1.09MN m**-2). In turn; the hardest tablets displayed the highest brittle fracture tendency (BFI = 0.59) compared with the softest tablets (BFI= 0.21). A positive linear correlation existed between tablet hardness (T) and BFI values (r = 0.98). CONCLUSION - The study showed that excessive slugging load produces hard aspirin granules which in turn yields hard but friable tablets
Subject(s)
Aspirin , Case Reports , Drug Compounding , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the suitability of packaging aspirin tablets in one thousand tablet packs that require reclosure after dispensing each dose. The reclosure efficiency of the push-fit type closure of a plastic container in preventing moisture entry was determined and compared to a control container. Aspirin tablets used in this study were shown to be susceptible to moisture degradation leading to significant losses of potency (p less than 0.05). Loose placement of closure on container allowed significant gain of moisture into the container (p less than 0.05) and this could lead to significant loss of potency of aspirin tablets. However; if the closure is properly pushed down to fit; the moisture gain is not significant (p greater than 0.05). It can; therefore; be concluded that the proper use of push-fit closures on containers for packaging aspirin tablets provides effective protection and the use of more expensive single unit strip packaging; for example; is therefore not necessary
Subject(s)
Aspirin , Drug Packaging , TabletsABSTRACT
An open comparative trial of the toleration and safety of piroxicam; paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid was conducted in 115 out patients with acute plasmodium falciparum malaria. Patients of both sexes received a single dose of sulfadoxine or pyrimethamine as anti-malarial therapy. Study participants were subsquently randomized to receive standard oral doses of paracetamol; acetylsalicylic; or injectable piroxicam; followed by oral doses of piroxicam; for management of fever; arthralgia and headache associated with acute malaria